The dried root bark of mulberry tree is often in the shape of twisted, elongated plate or a trough due to both sides curl inward. They have varying lengths and widths, usually 1 to 5mm thick. The outer surface is relatively smooth, yellowish white or nearly white, and with a few brown or reddish yellow spots and longitudinal cracks and sparse fibers. Inner surface is yellowish-white or pale yellow, smooth, and with fine vertical stripes, or exposed fibers due to splitting vertically. It is light weight, tough, and hard to break, but it is easy to be split vertically and white dust is generated when it is torn. It has kind of similar smell of the bean and sweet but slightly bitter taste. It contains flavonoids, mulberrofuran A, B, C, K, N, 0, M, P, Q, betulinic acid, umbelliferone, scopoletin, *-amyrin, *-amyrin, sitosterol, essential oils, tannins, etc. Flavonoids include mulberrin, mulberrochromene, cyclomulberrin, cyclomulberrochromene, morusin, cyclomorusin, oxydihydromomsin, kuwanon A, B, C, D, E, F, G (albanin F, moracenin B), H (albanin G, moracenin A), I, K, L, Y, Z, moracenin C, D, sanggenon A to P, and more.